UPPSC PYQ 1 (2020) — Geography
Which of the following ocean currents is associated with Indian Ocean?
- Florida current
- Canary current
- Agulhas current
- Kurile current
Answer: C. Agulhas current
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India's healthcare system faces a deep structural challenge: fragmented records, uneven access, and a large unorganised private sector operating outside any digital ecosystem. The launch of Aarogya Setu 2.0 and eSushrut@Clinic represents a concerted effort by the Union Government to address all three problems simultaneously — empowering citizens with portable health identities, digitising clinical workflows at the grassroots level, and bridging the gap between public insurance schemes and the point of care.
For aspirants across state and central services, this launch sits at the intersection of Science and Technology, Health Policy, Governance, and Social Justice — core areas in prelims and mains syllabi. It directly advances the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM), which is India's flagship architecture for a federated, interoperable national health stack.
Aarogya Setu was originally launched in April 2020 as a COVID-19 contact-tracing and symptom-tracking application. Within weeks it became one of the fastest-downloaded government apps globally. Post-pandemic, the government pivoted it toward a broader digital health utility under the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission.
ABDM itself was launched in 2021, building on the National Digital Health Blueprint (2019). Its core components include: the Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) — a 14-digit unique health identifier; the Health Facility Registry (HFR); the Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR); and the Personal Health Records (PHR) framework.
C-DAC's eSushrut@Clinic is a reimagined, lightweight HMIS targeting small private clinics and primary-care settings. The Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) is an autonomous scientific society under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), known for developing indigenous supercomputers (PARAM series), language technologies (Bhasha platforms), and health IT solutions.
Aarogya Setu 2.0 — Core Features
eSushrut@Clinic — Core Features
Ayushman Sarathi WhatsApp Chatbot
Political and Constitutional Dimensions Health is a State subject under the Seventh Schedule (List II, Entry 6) of the Constitution, but the Union Government exercises concurrent authority through the Concurrent List (List III, Entries 6 and 26 — medical education and drugs respectively) and uses Centrally Sponsored Schemes to drive national health policy. The Central Council of Health and Family Welfare (CCHFW), a constitutional body established under Article 263 of the Constitution, provided the platform for this launch. The PM-JAY Wallet operationalises the right to health benefits under Article 21's expansive interpretation by the Supreme Court.
Economic and Financial Dimensions The subsidised pricing of eSushrut@Clinic at Rs 299/month directly addresses the cost barrier that has kept small clinics outside India's digital health ecosystem. The PM-JAY Wallet addresses a longstanding transparency gap: beneficiaries often did not know their remaining annual entitlement (Rs 5 lakh per family per year), leading to exploitation by unscrupulous facilities.
Social Dimensions The Ayushman Sarathi WhatsApp chatbot mitigates digital divide risks by using a platform familiar to a much wider demographic than app-store downloads. The family health management feature lowers onboarding barriers for women who manage family health but rarely hold individual digital health identities.
Governance and Administrative Dimensions C-DAC's involvement represents an important model of domestic technology capacity — an indigenous HMIS aligned with the Atmanirbhar Bharat framework, reducing dependency on commercial vendors for critical health infrastructure. The ABDM interoperability architecture mimics federated models like India Stack (UPI, DigiLocker, Aadhaar).
International Perspective India's ABDM is increasingly cited as a model for low- and middle-income countries. The WHO's Global Digital Health Strategy 2020-2025 explicitly endorses national digital health frameworks with unique patient identifiers, interoperable records, and universal health coverage linkages — all of which ABDM embodies.
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Which of the following ocean currents is associated with Indian Ocean?
Answer: C. Agulhas current
Without green house effect, the average temperature of earth surface would be
Answer: B. –18°C
1. In Ease of Doing Business Report 2020, India's rank is 63. 2. India ranking for Ease of Doing Business in the year 2019 was 77.
With reference to the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Report, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
Answer: B. 2 only
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Geography · 2020Which of the following ocean currents is associated with Indian Ocean?
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