OPSC 2022 PYQ — Attempt 100 Previous Year Questions

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Genetic engineering, a revolutionary branch of biotechnology, continues to evolve rapidly, transforming the way we approach medicine, agriculture and various scientific endeavours. Recent developments in this field highlight both the immense potential and ethical considerations that come with the power to manipulate DNA. In the medical realm, gene editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 have gained prominence. These tools offer unprecedented precision in modifying genes, holding promise for treating genetic disorders. In a groundbreaking clinical trial, researchers successfully used gene editing to treat sickle cell anaemia. The patient’s own modified cells were reintroduced into their body, resulting in reduced symptoms and an improved quality of life. In agriculture, genetic engineering is driving advancements in crop production and food security. The development of Genetically Modified (GM) crops has enabled plants to resist pests, withstand harsh climates and improve nutritional content. For instance, GM rice has been biofortified to contain higher levels of essential vitamins, potentially combating malnutrition in regions where rice is a staple food. However, these advancements also raise ethical concerns. The potential for creating “designer babies” through gene editing has sparked debates about the boundaries of genetic manipulation. The question of whether it’s ethical to alter human DNA to enhance physical or cognitive traits continues to challenge bioethicists, policymakers and society at large. Data indicates the exponential growth of genetic engineering research. In the past decade, the number of scientific publications related to CRISPR technology has multiplied significantly. In 2010, there were approximately 150 CRISPR-related publications; by 2020, that number had soared to over 9,000. This surge demonstrates the profound impact of genetic engineering on the scientific community. As we navigate this brave new world of genetic engineering, striking a balance between innovation and ethical considerations remains paramount. The potential to cure genetic diseases, enhance food security and make leaps in scientific understanding is immense. However, careful consideration and collaboration are necessary to ensure that the benefits are realized while addressing the ethical complexities that accompany these technological breakthroughs.