The Teacher Eligibility Test (TET): TET is the minimum eligibility benchmark for appointment as a teacher for Classes I–VIII. It flows from Section 23 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009, under which the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) — through notifications dated 23 August 2010 and 29 July 2011 — laid down minimum teacher qualifications, including passing a TET conducted by the appropriate government.
- TET is conducted both centrally (CTET by CBSE) and by states (e.g., MAHA-TET, TNTET, UPTET).
- The Supreme Court has reaffirmed that TET is a mandatory eligibility requirement rooted in the constitutional guarantee of quality education under Article 21-A.
The Public Examinations (Prevention of Unfair Means) Act, 2024: Enacted amid a wave of paper leaks (including the 2024 NEET-UG and UGC-NET controversies), the central law came into force on 21 June 2024. It criminalises leakage of question papers/answer keys, unauthorised access, impersonation, and collusion.
- General offenders: 3–5 years' imprisonment and fine up to ₹10 lakh.
- Service providers: fine up to ₹1 crore, recovery of proportionate exam cost, and a 4-year bar from conducting public exams.
- Organised crime: 5–10 years' imprisonment and a minimum ₹1 crore fine.
- All offences are cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable. Notably, the Act does not penalise the examinee.